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Managing Story and Players

Managing Story and Players

Running great tabletop RPGs isn't just about individual sessions - it's about creating ongoing stories and managing group dynamics over time. This guide will help you build engaging campaigns and maintain positive player relationships.

Story Management Fundamentals​

The Living World Principle​

Your game world should feel alive and reactive:

  • NPCs have their own goals and continue pursuing them between sessions
  • Events happen whether or not the players are involved
  • Player actions have consequences that ripple through the world
  • Time passes meaningfully with seasons, festivals, and changes

Balancing Structure and Flexibility​

  • Have a general direction but don't plan too far ahead
  • Prepare situations rather than predetermined outcomes
  • Let player choices shape the story's direction
  • Be ready to adapt when players surprise you

The Three-Session Rule​

Plan story arcs in three-session chunks:

  • Session 1: Introduce the problem and gather information
  • Session 2: Complications arise and stakes increase
  • Session 3: Climax and resolution
  • Then start a new arc or continue with consequences

Character Development and Integration​

Supporting Player Character Arcs​

Every character should have moments to shine:

Incorporate Backstories​

  • Review character backgrounds regularly
  • Introduce NPCs from their past
  • Create situations that relate to their personal goals
  • Let their history influence the main story

Character Growth Opportunities​

  • Present moral dilemmas that challenge their beliefs
  • Force them to make difficult choices between competing values
  • Give them leadership roles in situations that matter to them
  • Allow them to fail and learn from mistakes

Relationships Between Characters​

  • Encourage character bonds through shared experiences
  • Create situations that require teamwork and trust
  • Allow for character conflict that strengthens relationships
  • Reward players who build on each other's characters

Managing Different Character Types​

The Leader​

  • Give them information to share with the group
  • Present situations that require coordination
  • Support their decision-making while ensuring others participate
  • Challenge their assumptions occasionally

The Loner​

  • Find ways to integrate them without forcing it
  • Give them personal stakes in group objectives
  • Create opportunities for one-on-one interactions
  • Respect their character concept while encouraging engagement

The Joker​

  • Appreciate their humor and build on it when appropriate
  • Balance comedy with serious moments
  • Give them dramatic opportunities to show character depth
  • Guide humor that disrupts rather than enhances

The Optimizer​

  • Challenge them tactically with interesting encounters
  • Reward creative problem-solving beyond just combat
  • Present situations where optimization isn't the answer
  • Value their system knowledge while focusing on story

Long-Term Story Techniques​

Building Ongoing Mysteries​

  • Plant seeds early that pay off sessions later
  • Layer clues across multiple adventures
  • Let players form theories and occasionally let them be right
  • Connect seemingly unrelated events in surprising ways

Recurring NPCs​

Create characters that players care about:

  • Give them distinct personalities and consistent motivations
  • Show how they change based on player interactions
  • Bring them back in unexpected ways
  • Let relationships evolve over time

Consequences and Continuity​

  • Remember player choices from previous sessions
  • Show the results of their actions in the world
  • Keep notes on what happened and who was affected
  • Reference past events to create a sense of history

The Campaign Calendar​

Track time and events:

  • Mark important dates like festivals, seasons, or deadlines
  • Plan background events that happen regardless of player actions
  • Show the passage of time through environmental changes
  • Create urgency with time-sensitive situations

Managing Group Dynamics​

Reading the Table​

Pay attention to player engagement:

Signs of Good Engagement​

  • Players take notes and ask follow-up questions
  • They discuss strategy and character choices between sessions
  • They reference past events and NPCs fondly
  • They're excited about upcoming sessions

Signs of Disengagement​

  • Frequent phone checking or side conversations
  • Passive participation - just going along with others
  • Missing sessions or arriving late regularly
  • Not remembering important story elements

Balancing Spotlight Time​

Every player deserves their moment:

  • Track who's been featured recently
  • Rotate focus between different characters
  • Create opportunities for quiet players to contribute
  • Don't let dominant players overshadow others

Managing Player Expectations​

  • Communicate your GM style early
  • Discuss content boundaries and comfort levels
  • Be clear about campaign tone (serious, comedic, etc.)
  • Address concerns before they become problems

Handling Challenging Situations​

Player Conflicts​

When players clash:

In-Character Conflicts​

  • Allow reasonable disagreement between characters
  • Ensure it enhances rather than disrupts the story
  • Help find compromises that satisfy both players
  • Don't let it derail the entire session

Out-of-Character Conflicts​

  • Address privately first if possible
  • Listen to all perspectives without taking sides
  • Focus on the impact on the group's fun
  • Be willing to ask someone to leave if necessary

Problem Players​

Different approaches for different issues:

The Spotlight Hog​

  • Actively redirect attention to other players
  • Give them important but time-limited roles
  • Talk to them privately about sharing space
  • Set clear expectations about participation

The Rules Lawyer​

  • Appreciate their knowledge while maintaining authority
  • Discuss rule interpretations outside of play when possible
  • Be clear about house rules and your decision-making authority
  • Thank them when they help rather than hinder

The Passive Player​

  • Directly engage them with questions and opportunities
  • Find out what interests them about the game
  • Create situations that play to their strengths
  • Be patient and encouraging

The Disruptive Player​

  • Address behavior immediately and clearly
  • Focus on impact rather than intentions
  • Give clear warnings before escalating
  • Protect the group's fun above individual accommodation

When Players Miss Sessions​

  • Plan for absences by having flexible storylines
  • Recap briefly for returning players
  • Don't punish attendance with missed story elements
  • Keep absent characters involved in reasonable ways

Story Pacing and Campaign Management​

Session-to-Session Flow​

  • End sessions on cliffhangers or clear resolution points
  • Begin sessions with brief recaps of previous events
  • Connect adventures through ongoing storylines
  • Allow downtime for character development and world-building

Managing Campaign Length​

  • Plan story arcs that can conclude at natural stopping points
  • Check in with players about their interest in continuing
  • Don't drag out campaigns past their natural conclusion
  • Consider sequel campaigns with new characters in the same world

Adjusting Difficulty Over Time​

  • Scale challenges to character abilities and player experience
  • Introduce new mechanics gradually
  • Reward player growth with increasingly complex situations
  • Don't be afraid to make things easier if players are struggling

Building Player Investment​

Make It Personal​

  • Connect adventures to character backgrounds and goals
  • Let players shape the world through their actions
  • Remember details they care about
  • Show how their characters have changed and grown

Create Meaningful Choices​

  • Present dilemmas without clear right answers
  • Show consequences for both action and inaction
  • Let players influence the direction of the story
  • Respect their agency even when they surprise you

Celebrate Achievements​

  • Acknowledge character growth and player cleverness
  • Reference past victories in current situations
  • Let players describe their moments of triumph
  • Show the lasting impact of their heroic deeds

Between Session Management​

Preparation Based on Last Session​

  • Review what happened and where it's leading
  • Note player interests and follow up on them
  • Prepare NPCs they want to interact with again
  • Think about consequences of their recent actions

Player Communication​

  • Check in about their enjoyment and concerns
  • Ask about character goals and interests
  • Share your excitement about upcoming story elements
  • Coordinate scheduling and logistics

World Development​

  • Expand areas players have shown interest in
  • Develop NPCs they've connected with
  • Plan events that happen in the background
  • Consider how the world is changing based on their actions

Record Keeping​

Essential Campaign Notes​

  • Character names, levels, and key abilities
  • Important NPCs with personalities and motivations
  • Ongoing plot threads and how they connect
  • Significant locations and their current status
  • Timeline of major events and their consequences

Player Achievement Tracking​

  • Memorable moments and heroic deeds
  • Character growth and development arcs
  • Relationships formed and strengthened
  • Problems solved and challenges overcome

Future Planning Notes​

  • Story hooks you want to explore
  • NPCs you want to bring back
  • Locations you want to revisit
  • Consequences you need to follow up on

Signs of a Successful Campaign​

Player Engagement Indicators​

  • Players arrive excited and prepared
  • They talk about the game between sessions
  • They develop inside jokes and shared references
  • They care about NPCs and world events
  • They're invested in their character's growth

Story Health Indicators​

  • Plotlines connect and build on each other
  • Player choices have visible consequences
  • The world feels alive and responsive
  • Characters have clear goals and obstacles
  • Sessions feel meaningful and interconnected

Remember: Managing story and players is an ongoing process that improves with experience. Focus on creating a collaborative environment where everyone contributes to building amazing stories together. The best campaigns emerge from the interplay between your preparation and your players' creativity.

Next: Learn how to grow as a GM and expand your skills over time.

Time Management​

  • Start on time and end on time
  • Take regular breaks (every 90-120 minutes)
  • Watch the clock during long discussions
  • Plan for slower pace with new players
  • Leave time for wrap-up and next session planning
  • Balance different types of scenes (combat, exploration, roleplay)